Show Don’t Tell

One way to make your work fascinating is to use the active rather than the passive voice.

Passive

Passive designates a form of the verb by which the verbal action is attributed to the person or thing to whom it is actually directed: i.e. the logical object is the grammatical subject.  E.g.  He was seen by us.  Passive.  The opposite of active.  Active: We saw him.

In a grammatically active construction, the subject is performing the action.

eg Jack ate the chocolate. (Jack is the subject, he’s performing the action, the chocolate is the object.)

Exposition

At the beginning of a play the dramatist is often committed to giving a certain amount of essential information about the plot and events which are to come.  He may also have to give information about what has ‘already happened’.  All this comes under the heading of exposition.  A skilful dramatist is able to introduce material without holding up the action of the play and with recourse to the obvious devices of narrative.

Exposition is also a subject which other fiction writers need to consider.  A writer might do well to remember that in Writing Circles, was, were, had, feel, felt and feeling are often considered to be passive words which tell instead of showing.  A writer should also remember that modern editors and publishers tend to shy away from exposition.

***

I could have begun my published novel, Tangled Hearts, like this:

Richelda Shaw was in her nursery when Elsie, her mother’s maid, told her that her father had summoned her.  After she had delivered the message, Elsie had followed her to the great hall where her father was waiting.

This tells my reader what happened but is not interesting.

Instead, I began.

“Richelda Shaw stood silent in her nursery while thunder pealed outside the ancient manor house and an even fiercer storm raged deep within. She pressed her hands to her ears and, eyes closed, remained as motionless as the marble statues in the orangery.

‘Nine years old and you’ve not yet learned to be neat!’ Elsie, her mother’s personal maid, pulled Richelda’s hands from her ears. ‘Come, your father’s waiting for you.’

Richelda’s hands trembled. What was wrong?  Until now Father’s short visits from France meant gifts and laughter. This one made Mother cry while the servants spoke in hushed tones.

Followed by Elsie, Richelda hurried down the broad oak stairs. For a moment, she paused to admire the lilies of the valley in a Delft bowl.  Only yesterday, she picked the flowers to welcome Father home.  After she had arranged them with tender care, she placed them on a chest, which stood beneath a pair of crossed broadswords on the wall above.

Elsie opened the massive door of the great hall where Father stood to one side of the enormous hearth.

This shows the heroine acting in a way consistent with her situation, instead of telling the reader about it.

However, as for ‘telling’ being wrong, it is not. Was, were, had, feel, felt and feeling are part of the English language and if I showed every single event in a novel it would be too long for publication.   

It is how I use was, were, had, feel, felt and feeling which matters, not whether or not I use them.

I need the skill to decide when telling is too much and when I should stop telling and start showing. 

Characterisation

In Tangled Hearts, I could have written the following to tell my reader that Chesney, the hero, is handsome:-

“Chesney had the classical features of Adonis.  He was tall, had perfect proportions and was in good health.”

Instead I wrote:-

“…‘Who is that Adonis?’ A high-pitched female voice interrupted Chesney’s thoughts.

Chesney looked round and saw a powdered and patched lady with rouged cheeks staring at him.

‘I don’t know, I think he’s a newcomer to town,’ her companion, a younger lady said in an equally strident tone.

Unaffected by their comments he laughed. Since his youth women remarked on his height and his perfect proportions. He did not consider himself vain, but unlike some members of his gentlemen’s club, who took little exercise and overate, he fenced, hunted and rode to keep his body fit.

The older lady inclined her head, the younger one winked before they went about their business.”

Of course introspection is a form of telling but it is effective and reveals the character.

In Tangled Hearts it was not enough to tell my reader that Chesney is brave.  I needed to show him in action.

“Chesney rushed to the cottage. ‘Keep back, Richelda,’ he shouted, ‘the thatch will ignite like tinder.’

Taking no heed of his instructions, she ran after him and followed him down the short corridor to the kitchen where smoke poured from beneath the door. ‘I think Elsie is in there,’ Richelda screamed above the roar of the fire.

Every trace of an indolent nobleman vanished. Chesney snatched off his periwig, wrenched off his coat and swathed it round his head.

‘Go outside! Your clothes will burn like kindling.’ He disappeared into the kitchen.”

***

I believe that I must strive to grab my reader’s attention from the first line to the last, and that passive writing – or telling – weakens the prose.

When I revise my work I use the search and find facility on the computer to highlight the words which tell and decide whether or not I can improve the text.

To be a writer not only do I need to be an artist, I also need to craft my work.  Words are the tools which I use to write a page turner for my readers. 

Flashbacks

Chesney lived in France with his father etc., is exposition in conversation.  “Do you know I lived in France at the court of James II in St Germaine etc.,” is description.

A flashback reveals something that occurred in the past as though it occurs in the present.

Even if the reader needs to know about my character’s past I am cautious as to how I reveal it. 

Frequently, flashbacks are often badly written and they jerk the reader from the present to the past. 

The knack is to slip in essential facts without disrupting the story – memory of something that happened in the past, the reply to a question, a letter or an entry in a diary

Tangled Hearts is set in England in 1702 at the beginning of Queen Anne’s reign.  In order to avoid flashbacks full of historical detail to I began with Author’s Notes.

“When the outwardly Protestant Charles II died in 1685, he left a country torn by religious controversy but no legitimate children. The throne passed to his Catholic brother James.

It was an anxious time for the people, whose fears increased when James II, became so unpopular that he was forced into exile. In 1688, James’s Protestant daughter, Mary, and her husband, William of Orange, became the new king and queen of England.

Some English Protestants, who had sworn allegiance to James II, refused to take a new oath of allegiance to William and Mary and joined him in France.

When James’s younger daughter, Anne, inherited the throne in 1702, many Protestant exiles returned to England. Others declared themselves Jacobites and supporters of James II son, James III, by his second wife, Mary of Modena, and stayed abroad. They believed James III should be king.”

In my rough draft of Tangled Hearts the scene in the manor house when my heroine, Richelda, is a child, (quoted above) was a flashback.  When I revised the novel I realised it was too long so I scrapped it and began with a prologue that contained the essential information.

Conclusion

Words are a writer’s tools.  Avoid dull narrative, boring flashbacks and unnecessary exposition.  Write stylishly.  Words should sparkle and grip the reader.

My infant memories are of the stories I made up, the stories read to me and the night sky coloured by fires, the aftermath of incendiary bombs.

I grew up first in Kent and then Surrey from where I visited ‘the sights’ such as St Pauls Cathedral, the Tower of London, Westminster Cathedral, Dick Whittington’s stone on Highgate Hill and St James Park.  In the countryside, to name a few, I visited Hampton Court, Richmond, Windsor and Eton.  My heritage inspired my love of history.  I read voraciously and my imagination grew.

My late husband encouraged me to pursue my dream of becoming a published author.  If he were alive today he would be proud to know I have achieved my ambition. 

Writing, researching and reading must run in my veins and I am so glad that I joined the Historical Fiction Critique Group and through the owner, Anne Whitfield, submitted my novel to Enspiren Press which accepted Tangled Hearts.

Every time I look at my debut novel a thrill runs through me.  For months the hero and heroine, Chesney and Richelda, stayed by my side at the computer and while going about my daily business.  Their life is so interesting that I suffered withdrawal pangs after I typed ‘The End’.

Richelda and Chesney lived in England during the reign of the last of the Stuart monarch, Queen Anne, who ruled from 1702 –1714.  In common with the rest of the population Chesney and Richelda suffered fears and uncertainties about who would reign after the queen’s death.  The economic and political situation affected every aspect of my hero and heroine’s lives.  I fell in love with the period’s elaborate clothes, stylish houses, sumptuous food and the concept of honour and dishonour at that time. .

Being a historical novelist is amazing.  It sweeps the author into another time and place with all the happiness and tears the characters experience. 

Authors want to share their tales with readers which leads to the challenge of how to publicise their books.  I live in England.  When Tangled Hearts is available in my home county, I plan to promote them, in bookshops, libraries and elsewhere.  In the old days Enspiren Press would have sent me on a book tour.  Today, my commissioning editor, Anne Whitfield, and Enspiren Press have inspired me to blog.  This enables me to keep in touch with old friends and new.

Fingers crossed, 2008 will be a fantastic year during which I will network in person and on the worldwide web to let readers know about me and my work.

Published Historical Novel.  Tangled Hearts available from www.enspirenpress, amazon.com, amazon.co.uk and soon from bookshops.

Work in progress.                  A new novel set in the reign of Queen Anne.

Website.                                www.rosemarymorris.co.uk

Blogsites                                www.rosemarymorris.blogspot.com

                                              www.penwoman.gather.com

                                              www.enspirenpress.com

Member of:

The Romantic Novelists Association of Great Britain

The Historical Novel Society

Watford Writers

              All the best,

              Rosemary

             www.rosemarymorris.com.  www.rosemarymorris.blogspot.com

             Tangled Hearts available from bookshops, www.enspirenpress.com, barnesandnoble.com, the book depository, tesco and elsewhere.

              Tangled Hearts is set in the reign of the last Stuart monarch,Queen Anne (1702-1714)and has     received five star reviews.

I grew up first in Kent and then Surrey from where I visited ‘the sights’ such as St Pauls Cathedral, the Tower of London, Westminster Cathedral, Dick Whittington’s stone on Highgate Hill and St James Park.  In the countryside, to name a few, I visited Hampton Court, Richmond, Windsor and Eton.  My heritage inspired my love of history.  I read voraciously and my imagination grew.

My late husband encouraged me to pursue my dream of becoming a published author.  If he were alive today he would be proud to know I have achieved my ambition to be a published author.

Writing, researching and reading must run in my veins and I am so glad that I joined the Historical Fiction Critique Group and through the owner, Anne Whitfield, submitted my novel to Enspiren Press which accepted Tangled Hearts.

Every time I look at my debut novel a thrill runs through me.  For months the hero and heroine, Chesney and Richelda, stayed by my side at the computer and while going about my daily business.  Their life is so interesting that I suffered withdrawal pangs after I typed ‘The End’.

Richelda and Chesney lived in England during the reign of the last of the Stuart monarch, Queen Anne, who ruled from 1702 – 1714.  In common with the rest of the population Chesney and Richelda suffered fears and uncertainties about who would reign after the queen’s death.  The economic and political situation affected every aspect of my hero and heroine’s lives.  I fell in love with the period’s elaborate clothes, stylish houses sumptuous food and the concept of honour and dishonour at that time.  I have now written a novel set in the same period called Tangled Lives which I hope Enspiren Press will publish.

Being a historical novelist is amazing.  It sweeps the author into another time and place with all the happiness and tears the characters experience.

Authors want to share their tales with readers which leads to the challenge of how to publicise their books.  I live in England.  When Tangled Hearts is available in my home county, I plan to promote them, in bookshops, libraries and elsewhere.  In the old days Enspiren Press would have sent me on a book tour.  Today, my commissioning editor, Anne Whitfield, and Enspiren Press have inspired me to blog.  This enables me to keep in touch with old friends and new.

Fingers crossed, 2008 will be a fantastic year during which I will network in person and on the worldwide web to let readers know about me and my work.

Published Historical Novel.  Tangled Hearts available from www.enspirenpress, amazon.com, amazon.co.uk Barnes and Noble and soon from bookshops.

Work in progress.                  Tangled Lives

Website.                                www.rosemarymorris.co.uk

Blogsites                                www.rosemarymorris.blogspot.com

                                            www.penwoman.gather.com

www.enspirenpress.com

Member of:

The Romantic Novelists Association of Great Britain

The Historical Novel Society

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http://www.myspare.com/rosemarymorris

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